PPR 2008 Rule 16Procurement Methods

Rule 16 of the Public Procurement Rules 2008 sets out the methods of procurement available for goods, works, and services. The principal methods are: Open Tendering Method (OTM) — used as the default for high-value procurements; Limited Tendering Method (LTM) — for limited-value or specialised procurements; Direct Procurement Method (DPM) — only for emergencies or sole-source items; Request for Quotation (RFQ) — for low-value procurements below thresholds set in Schedule II; and Two-Stage Tendering Method — for complex procurements where technical evaluation precedes price competition. The choice of method must be justified in the procurement plan and approved by the appropriate authority. Misapplication of method (for example using LTM where OTM is mandatory) is grounds for bid challenge.